Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy is based on the absorption of molecules in the near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The core principle is simple: light is emitted by a light source such as a tungsten lamp and its spectrum is selectively absorbed by the molecules of a target object resulting in a ‘fingerprint’ of the material. The light that interacts with the object is measured via a spectrometer, an instrument that typically contains a moving grating, and a single detector to resolve the spectrum.
The spectrum is then compared to a database and the properties of the object can be quantified and/or the material classified.
After its first application in the agricultural sector starting in the 1960s, NIR spectroscopy has been used in many fields: ranging from process analysis to pharmaceutics and quality control. However, current spectrometers are still bulky and expensive which currently limits their application to labs and industrial control.